FishMarket 1.0/FishMarket v1.0.iso/fishies/551-575/disk_556/scheme2c/scheme-doc.lzh/doc/index.mss

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@Begin(Heading)
Scheme->C Index to the
Revised@+(3) Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme
28 September 1990
@End(Heading)

@Begin(Index)

@b(Implementation Notes)

@t(Scheme->C) is an implementation of the language Scheme as
described in the @i[Revised@+(3) Report on the Algorithmic Language
Scheme] (@i[SIGPLAN Notices], V21, #12, December 1986).

The implementation is known to not conform to the required portions of
the report in the following ways:

@begin(itemize)
The syntax for numbers reflects the underlying C implementation.
Scheme programs may not use the numeric prefixes @t(#i)
and @t(#e), and numbers may not contain @t(#) as a digit.

The control flow of compiled programs is constrained by the
underlying C implementation.  As a result, some tail calls are not compiled as
tail calls.
@end(itemize)

The implementation has been extended beyond the report in the
following ways:

@begin(itemize)
With the previously noted exceptions, the implementation conforms to the
required portions of @i[Revised@+(3.95), 11 March 1989].

@begin(verbatim)
@r(Additional procedures:)
@t(
after-collect
bit-and        bit-lsh
bit-not        bit-or
bit-rsh        bit-xor
bpt
c-byte-ref     c-byte-set!
c-double-ref   c-double-set!
c-float-ref    c-float-set!
c-int-ref      c-int-set!
c-shortint-ref
c-shortint-set!
c-shortunsigned-ref
c-shortunsigned-set!
c-string->string
c-tscp-ref     c-tscp-set!
c-unsigned-ref
c-unsigned-set!
collect           collect-all
collect-rusage cons*
define-system-file-task
echo
enable-sytem-file-tasks
error           eval
exit
expand         expand-once
fixed->float   fixed?
float->fixed   float?
flush-buffer   format
get-output-string
getprop
implementation-information
my-rusage
open-file
open-input-string
open-output-string
peek-char
port->stdio-file
pp             proceed
putprop
read-eval-print
remove         remove!
remq           remq!
remv           remv!
reset
save-heap
scheme-byte-ref
scheme-byte-set!
scheme-int-ref
scheme-int-set!
scheme-tscp-ref
scheme-tscp-set!
set-top-level-value!
set-write-width!
signal
string->uninterned-symbol
top-level
top-level-value
trace          unbpt
uninterned-symbol?
untrace
when-unreferenced
write-count    write-width
)
@end(verbatim)

@begin(verbatim)
@r(Additional syntax:)
@t(
define-c-external
define-constant
define-external
define-in-line
define-macro   include
module
unless         when
)
@end(verbatim)

@begin(verbatim)
@r(Additional variables:)
@t(
*args*
*error-handler*
*obarray*      *result*
stderr-port    stdin-port
stdout-port
)
@end(verbatim)

@end(itemize)

@b(Index)

@t(") delimits strings.  A @t(") is represented inside a string
constant by @t(\").  Revised@+(3) 24.

@t(#() denotes the start of a vector.  Revised@+(3) 25.

@t(#\)@i(character) written notation for characters.  Revised@+(3) 23.

@t(#\formfeed) ASCII form feed character (#o14).  Revised@+(3) 23.

@t(#\linefeed) ASCII line feed character (#o12).  Revised@+(3) 23.

@t(#\newline) new line character (#o12).  Revised@+(3) 23.

@t(#\return) ASCII carriage return character (#o15).  Revised@+(3) 23.

@t(#\space) ASCII space character (#o40).  Revised@+(3) 23.

@t(#\tab) ASCII tab character (#o11).  Revised@+(3) 23.

@t(#b) binary radix  prefix.  Revised@+(3) 19.

@t(#d) decimal radix prefix.  Revised@+(3) 19.

@t(#f) boolean constant for false.  Note that while the empty list
@t[()] is also treated as a false value in conditional expressions,
it is not the same as @t(#f).  Revised@+(3) 12.

@t(#o) octal radix prefix.  Revised@+(3) 19.

@t(#t) boolean constant for true.  Revised@+(3) 12.

@t(#x) hex radix prefix.  Revised@+(3) 19.

@t(')@i(expression) abbreviation for (@t(quote) @i(expression)).  Revised@+(3)
7, 15.

(@t(*) @i(number) ...) returns the product of its arguments.
Revised@+(3) 19.

@t(*args*) arguments of the @i(procedure) when a breakpoint has been
hit.  The value of this symbol will be used as the arguments when the
user continues from the breakpoint.  See @t(bpt), @t(proceed).

@t[*error-handler*] the error handling @i(procedure).  See @t(error).

@t(*obarray*) is a vector of lists of symbols.  It is used by
@t(read) to assure that symbols written and then read back in are
@t(eqv?).  See @i(interned), Revised@+(3) 17.

@t(*result*) result of the @i(procedure) when a breakpoint has been
hit.  The value of this symbol be returned as the value of the
@i(procedure) after the user continues from the breakpoint.  See
@t(bpt), @t(proceed).

@t(\)@i(ASCII-character) tells @t(read) to treat the
@i(ASCII-character) as a letter when reading a symbol.  If the
character is a lower-case alphabetic character, it will not be
upshifted.  Revised@+(3) 17.

@t(\") represents a @t(") inside a string constant.  Revised@+(3) 24.

@t(`)@i(back-quote-template) abbreviation for (@t(quasiquote)
@i(back-quote template)). Revised@+(3) 11.

@t[(] used to group and notate lists.  Revised@+(3) 5.

@t[()] the empty list.  Revised@+(3) 14.

@t[)] used to group and notate lists.  Revised@+(3) 5.

(@t(+) @i(number) ...) returns the sum of its arguments.
Revised@+(3) 19.

@t(,)@i(expression) abbreviation for (@t(unquote) @i(expression))
that causes the expression to be replaced by its value in the
@i(back-quote-template).  Revised@+(3) 11.

@t(,@@)@i(expression) abbreviation for (@t(unquote-splicing)
@i(expression)) that causes the expression to be evaluated and
"spliced" into the @i(back-quote-template). Revised@+(3) 11.

(@t(-) @i(number) @i(number) ...) with two or more arguments, this
returns the difference of its arguments, associating to the left.
With one argument it returns the additive inverse of the argument.
Revised@+(3) 20.

@t[-C] command line flag to @t(scc) that will cause the compiler to
compile the Scheme files @i(source)@t(.sc) to C source in @i(source)@t(.c).
No further processing is performed.

@t[-I] @i(directory) command line flag to supply a directory to be searched
by @t(include) when it is looking for a source file.  When
multiple flags are supplied, the directories are searched in
the order that the flags are specified.

@t[-Ob] command line flag to @t(scc) that controls bounds checking.
When it is supplied to the compiler, no bounds checking code for
@i(vector) or @i(string) accesses will be generated.  Supplying this
flag is equivalent to supplying the flags @t(-f '*bounds-check*'
'#f').

@t[-Og] command line flag to @t(scc) that controls the generation of
stack-trace debugging code. When it is supplied to the compiler,
stack-trace code will not be generated.

@t[-On] command line flag to @t(scc) that controls number
representation. When it is supplied to the compiler, all numbers will
be assumed to be @i(fixed) integers.  Supplying this flag is
equivalent to supplying the flags @t(-f '*fixed-only*' '#t').

@t[-Ot] command line flag to @t(scc) that controls type error
checking. When it is supplied, no error checking code will be
generated. Supplying this flag is equivalent to supplying the flags
@t(-f '*type-check*' '#f').

@t[-e] command line flag to @t(sci).  When it is supplied, all text
read on the standard input file will be echoed on the standard output
file.

@t[-emacs] command line flag to @t(sci).  When supplied, the
interpreter assumes that it is being run by GNU emacs.

@t[-i] command line flag to @t(scc) that will combine the source and
object files into a Scheme interpreter.  Module names for files other
than Scheme source files must be supplied using the @t[-m] command
line flag.

@t[-m] @i(module) command line flag to @t(scc) to specify the name of
a module that must be initialized by calling the procedure
@i(module__init).  Note that the Scheme compiler will downshift the
alphabetic characters in module names supplied in the @t(module)
directive.

@t[-nh] command line flag to @t(sci).  When it is supplied, the
interpreter version header will not be printed on the standard output
file.

@t[-np] command line flag to @t(sci).  When it is supplied, prompts
for input from standard input will not be printed on standard output.

@t[-q] command line flag to @t(sci).  When it is supplied, the result
of each expression evaluation will not be printed on standard output.

@t[-pg] command line flag to @t(scc) that will cause it to produce
profiled code for run-time measurement using @i(gprof).  The profiled
library will be used in lieu of the standard Scheme library.

@t[-scgc] @i(flag) command line flag to any Scheme program that
controls the reporting of garbage collection statistics.  If @i(flag)
is set to 1, then garbage collection statistics will be printed on
stderr.  This flag will override @t[SCGCINFO].

@t[-sch] @i(integer) command line flag to any Scheme program to set
the heap size in megabytes.  If it is not supplied, and the
@t[SCHEAP] environment variable was not set, and the program did not
have a default, then a 4MB heap will be used.  This flag will
override @t[SCHEAP].

@t[-schf] @i(filename) command line flag to any Scheme program to
initialize the heap by loading it from the file @i(filename).  The
minimum heap size used will be that of the Scheme program that saved
the image.  This flag will override @t[SCHEAPFILE].  Note that a heap
image may only be loaded by the same program that saved it.

@t[-scl] @i(integer) command line flag to any Scheme program to set
the full collection limit.  When more than this percent of the heap
is allocated following a generational garbage collection, then a full
garbage collection will be done.  The default value is 33.  This flag
will override @t[SCLIMIT].

@t[-scm] @i(symbol) command line flag to any Scheme program to cause
execution to start at the procedure that is the value of @i(symbol),
rather than at the main program.  Note that the Scheme @t(read)
procedure typically upshifts alphabetic characters.  Thus, to start
execution in the Scheme interpreter, one would enter @t[-scm
READ-EVAL-PRINT] on the command line.

@t(.) denotes a dotted-pair: (@i(obj) @t(.) @i(obj)).  Revised@+(3) 14.

@t(.sc) file name extension for @t[Scheme->C] source files.

(@t(/) @i(number) ...) with two or more arguments, this returns the
quotient of its arguments, associating to the left.  With one
argument it returns the multiplicative inverse of the argument.
Revised@+(3) 20.

@t(;) indicates the start of a comment.  The comment continues until
the end of the line.  Revised@+(3) 5.

(@t(<) @i(number) @i(number) @i(number) ...) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when the arguments are monotonically increasing.
Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t(<=) @i(number) @i(number) @i(number) ...) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when the arguments are monotonically nondecreasing.  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t(=) @i(number) @i(number) @i(number) ...) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when the arguments are equal.
Revised@+(3) 19.

@t(=>) used in a @t(cond) conditional clause.  Revised@+(3) 8.

(@t(>) @i(number) @i(number) @i(number) ...) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when the arguments are monotonically decreasing.  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t(>=) @i(number) @i(number) @i(number) ...) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when the arguments are monotonically nonincreasing. Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t(abs) @i(number)) returns the magnitude of its argument.  Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t(acos) @i(number)) returns the arccosine of its argument.
Revised@+(3) 20.

@t(after-collect) is a variable in the top level environment.
Following each garbage collection, if its value is not @t(#f),
then it is assumed to be a procedure and is called with three
arguments:  the heap size in bytes, the currently allocated
storage in bytes, and the allocation percentage that will
cause a full garbage collection.  The value returned by the
procedure is ignored.

@i(alist) a list of @i(pairs).  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t(and) @i(expression) ...) @i(syntax) for a conditional expression.
Revised@+(3) 9.

(@t(append) @i(list) ...) returns a list consisting of the
elements of the first @i(list) followed by the elements of the other
@i(lists).  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t(apply) @i(procedure) @i(arg-list)) calls the @i(procedure) with the
elements of @i(arg-list) as the actual arguments.  Revised@+(3) 26.

(@t(apply) @i(procedure) @i(obj) ... @i(arg-list)) calls the
@i(procedure) with the list (@t(append) (@t(list) @i(obj) ...)
@i(arg-list)) as the actual arguments.  Revised@+(3) 26.

(@t(asin) @i(number)) returns the arcsine of its argument.
Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t(assoc) @i(obj) @i(alist)) finds the first @i(pair) in @i(alist) whose
@t(car) field is @t(equal?) to @i(obj).  If no such @i(pair) exists, then
@t(#f) is returned.  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t(assq) @i(obj) @i(alist)) finds the first @i(pair) in @i(alist) whose
@t(car) field is @t(eq?) to @i(obj).  If no such @i(pair) exists, then
@t(#f) is returned.  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t(assv) @i(obj) @i(alist)) finds the first @i(pair) in @i(alist) whose
@t(car) field is @t(eqv?) to @i(obj).  If no such @i(pair) exists, then
@t(#f) is returned.  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t(atan) @i(number)) returns the arctangent of its argument.
Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t(atan) @i(number) @i(number)) returns the arctangent of its arguments.
Revised@+(3) 20.

@i(back-quote-template) list or vector structure that may contain
@t(,)@i(expression) and @t(,@@)@i(expression) forms.  Revised@+(3) 11.

(@t(begin) @i(expression) ...) @i(syntax) where @i(expression)'s are
evaluated left to right and the value of the last @i(expression) is
returned. Revised@+(3) 10.

@i(bindings) a @i(list) whose elements are of the form: (@i(symbol)
@i(expression)), where the @i(expression) is the initial value to
place in the location bound to the @i(symbol). Revised@+(3) 9.

(@t[bit-and] @i(number) ...) returns an unsigned
number representing the bitwise and of its 32-bit arguments.

(@t[bit-lsh] @i(number) @i(integer)) returns an unsigned
number representing the 32-bit value @i(number) shifted left
@i(integer) bits.

(@t[bit-not] @i(number) ...) returns an unsigned number
representing the bitwise not of its 32-bit argument.

(@t[bit-or] @i(number) ...) returns an unsigned number representing
the bitwise inclusive or of its 32-bit arguments.

(@t[bit-rsh] @i(number) @i(integer)) returns an unsigned
number representing the 32-bit value @i(number) shifted right
@i(integer) bits.

(@t[bit-xor] @i(number) ...) returns an unsigned number representing
the bitwise exclusive or of its 32-bit arguments.

@i(body) one or more @i(expressions) that are be executed in
sequence. Revised@+(3) 9.

(@t(boolean?) @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) if @i(expression) is @t(#t) or @t(#f).  Revised@+(3) 12.

(@t(bpt)) @i(syntax) to return a list of the procedures that have
been breakpointed.

(@t(bpt) @i(symbol)) @i(syntax) to set a breakpoint on the
@i(procedure) that is the value of @i(symbol).  Each entry and exit
of the @i(procedure) will provide the user with an opportunity to
examine and alter the current state of the computation.  The
computation is continued by entering control-D.  The computation may
be terminated and a return made to the top level of the interpreter
by entering @t{(top-level)}. See @t(*args*), @t(*result*),
@t(top-level), @t(unbpt).

(@t(bpt) @i(symbol) @i(procedure)) @i(syntax) to set a conditional
breakpoint on the @i(procedure) that is the value of @i(symbol).  A
breakpoint occurs when (@t(apply) @i(procedure) @i(arguments))
returns a true value.

(@t(c-byte-ref) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the byte at the
@i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(c-byte-set!) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets the byte
at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) to @i(number) and returns
@i(number) as its value.

(@t(c-double-ref) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the double at
the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(c-double-set!) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets the
double at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) to @i(number) and
returns @i(number) as its value.

(@t(c-float-ref) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the float at
the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(c-float-set!) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets the
float at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) to @i(number) and
returns @i(number) as its value.

(@t(c-int-ref) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the int at the
@i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(c-int-set!) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets the
int at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) to @i(number) and
returns @i(number) as its value.

@i(c-pointer) a @i(number) that is the address of a structure
outside the Scheme heap, or a @i(string) that is a C-structure within
the Scheme heap.

(@t(c-shortint-ref) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the short int
at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(c-shortint-set!) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets the
short int at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) to @i(number) and
returns @i(number) as its value.

(@t(c-shortunsigned-ref) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the short
unsigned at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(c-shortunsigned-set!) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets
the short unsigned at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) to
@i(number) and returns @i(number) as its value.

(@t(c-string->string) @i(c-pointer)) returns a Scheme @i(string) that
is a copy of the null-terminated string @i(c-pointer).

(@t(c-tscp-ref) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the tagged Scheme
to C pointer at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer).

(@t(c-tscp-set!) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer) @i(expression)) sets the
tagged @t[Scheme->C] pointer at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer)
to @i(expression) and returns @i(expression) as its value.

(@t(c-unsigned-ref) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the unsigned
at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(c-unsigned-set!) @i(c-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets the
unsigned at the @i(integer) byte of @i(c-pointer) to @i(number) and
returns @i(number) as its value.

@i(c-type) @i(syntax) for declaring the type of a non-Scheme
procedure, procedure argument, or global.  The allowed types are:
@t(pointer), @t(char), @t(int), @t(shortint), @t(longint),
@t(unsigned), @t(shortunsigned), @t(longunsigned), @t(float),
@t(double), @t(tscp), or @t(void).

(@t(car) @i(pair)) returns the contents of the @t(car) field of the
@i(pair).  Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t(caar) @i(pair)) returns (@t(car) (@t(car) @i(pair))).
Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t(ca...r) @i(pair)) compositions of @t(car) and @t(cdr).
Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t(call-with-current-continuation) @i(procedure)) calls @i(procedure)
with the current continuation as its argument.  Revised@+(3) 27.

(@t(call-with-input-file) @i(string) @i(procedure)) calls @i(procedure)
with the @i(port) that is the result of opening the file @i(string)
for input.  Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t(call-with-output-file) @i(string) @i(procedure)) calls @i(procedure)
with the @i(port) that is the result of opening the file @i(string)
for output.  Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t(case) @i(key) @i(clause) @i(clause) ...) @i(syntax) for a
conditional expression where @i(key) is any expression, and each
@i(clause) is of the form ((@i(datum) ...) @i(expression)
@i(expression) ...).  The last clause may be an "else clause" of the
form (@t(else)  @i(expression) @i(expression) ...).  Revised@+(3) 8.

(@t(cdr) @i(pair)) returns the contents of the @t(cdr) field of the
@i(pair).  Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t(cd...r) @i(pair)) compositions of @t(car) and @t(cdr).
Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t(cddddr) @i(pair)) returns (@t(cdr) (@t(cdr) (@t(cdr) (@t(cdr) @i(pair))))).
Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t(ceiling) @i(number)) returns the smallest integer that is not
smaller than its arguments.  Revised@+(3) 20.

@t(char) @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure, procedure
argument, or global variable as the C type @t[char].  When a @t[char]
value must be supplied, an expression of type @i(character) must be
supplied.  When a @t[char] value is returned, a value of type
@i(character) will be returned.

(@t(char->integer) @i(character)) returns an @i(integer) whose value
is the ASCII character code of @i(character).  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t(char-alphabetic?) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when @i(character) is alphabetic.  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char-ci<=?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is less than or equal to
the second @i(character).  Upper case and lower case letters are
treated as though they were the same character.  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char-ci<?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is less than the second
@i(character).  Upper case and lower case letters are treated
as though they were the same character. Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char-ci=?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is equal to the
second @i(character). Upper case and lower case letters are
treated as though they were the same character.  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char-ci>=?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is greater than or equal
to the second @i(character). Upper case and lower case letters are
treated as though they were the same character. Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char-ci>?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is greater than the
second @i(character). Upper case and lower case letters are treated
as though they were the same character. Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char-downcase) @i(character)) returns the lower case value of
@i(character).  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t(char-lower-case?) @i(letter)) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when @i(letter) is lower-case.  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t(char-numeric?) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when @i(character) is numeric.  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char-ready?) @i(optional-input-port)) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when a character is ready on the @i(optional-input-port).
Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t(char-upcase) @i(character)) returns the upper case value of the
@i(character).  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t(char-upper-case?) @i(letter)) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) when @i(letter) is upper-case.  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t(char-whitespace?) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when @i(character) is a whitespace character.
Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char<=?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is less than or equal to
the second @i(character).  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char<?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is less than the second
@i(character).  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char=?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is equal to the second
@i(character).  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char>=?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is greater than or equal
to the second @i(character).  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(char>?) @i(character) @i(character)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t(#t) when the first @i(character) is greater than the
second @i(character).  Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t[char?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t(#t)
when @i(expression) is a @i(character).  Revised@+(3) 23.

@i(character) Scheme object that represents printed characters.  See
@t(#\)@i(character), @t(#\)@i(character-name), Revised@+(3) 23.

(@t(close-input-port) @i(input-port)) closes the file associated with
@i(input-port). Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t(close-output-port) @i(output-port)) closes the file associated
with @i(output-port).  Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t(close-port) @i(port)) closes the file associated with @i(port).
Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t(collect)) invokes the garbage collector to perform a generational
collection.  Normally, garbage collection is invoked automatically by
the Scheme system.

(@t(collect-all)) invokes the garbage collector to perform a
full collection.  Normally, garbage collection is invoked
automatically by the Scheme system.

(@t(collect-rusage)) returns a @i(vector) containing information
about resources consumed by the garbage collector.  The information
is that contained in the @i(rusage) structure.  See @i(Ultrix-32
Programmer's Manual), 2-62.

@i(complex number) complex numbers are not supported in @t[Scheme->C].
Revised@+(3) 18.

(@t(complex?) @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t(#t) when
@i(expression) is a @i(complex number).  All @t[Scheme->C] @i(numbers)
are complex. Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t(cond) @i(clause) @i(clause) ...) @i(syntax) for a conditional
expression where each @i(clause) is of the form (@i(test)
@i(expression) ...) or (@i(test) @t(=>) @i(procedure)).  The last
@i(clause) may be of the form (@t(else) @i(expression) @i(expression)
 ...).  Revised@+(3) 8.

(@t(cons) @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2)) returns a newly
allocated @i(pair) that has @i(expression)@-(1) as its @t(car), and
@i(expression)@-(2) as its @i(cdr). Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t(cons*) @i(expression) @i(expression) ...) returns an object
formed by consing the @i(expressions) together from right to left. If
only one @i(expression) is supplied, then that @i(expression) is
returned.

(@t(cos) @i(number)) returns the cosine of its argument.  Revised@+(3)
20.

(@t(current-input-port)) returns the current default input @i(port).
Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t(current-output-port)) returns the current default output @i(port).
Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t(define) @i(symbol) @i(expression)) @i(syntax) that
defines the value of @i(expression) as the value of either a
top-level symbol or a local variable.  Revised@+(3) 11.

(@t(define) (@i(symbol) @i(formals)) @i(body)) @i(syntax)
that defines a @i(procedure) that is either the value of a
top-level symbol or a local variable. Revised@+(3) 11.

(@t(define) (@i(symbol) @t(.) @i(formal)) @i(body)) @i(syntax) that
defines a @i(procedure) that is either the value of a top-level symbol
or a local variable. Revised@+(3) 11.

(@t(define-c-external) @i(symbol) @i(c-type) @i(string)) @i(syntax)
for a compiler declaration that defines @i(symbol) as a non-Scheme
global variable with the name @i(string) and the type @i(c-type).

(@t(define-c-external) (@i(symbol) @i(c-type)@-(1)...)
@i(c-type)@-(2) @i(string)) @i(syntax) for a compiler declaration
that defines @i(symbol) as a non-Scheme procedure with arguments of
the type specified in the list @i(c-type)@-(1).  The procedure's name
is @i(string) and it returns a value of type @i(c-type)@-(2).

(@t(define-c-external) (@i(symbol) @i(c-type)@-(1)... .
@i(c-type)@-(2)) @i(c-type)@-(3) @i(string)) @i(syntax) for a
compiler declaration that defines @i(symbol) as a non-Scheme
procedure that takes a variable number of arguments.  The types of
the initial arguments are specified by the  list @i(c-type)@-(1).
Any additional arguments must be of the type @i(c-type)@-(2).  The
procedure's name is @i(string) and it returns a value of type
@i(c-type)@-(3).

(@t(define-constant) @i(symbol) @i(expression)) @i(syntax) that
defines a macro that replaces all occurences of @i(symbol) with the
value of @i(expression), evaluated at the time of the definition.

(@t(define-external) @i(symbol)@-(1) @i(symbol)@-(2)) @i(syntax) for
a compiler declaration that @i(symbol)@-(1) is defined in @i(module)
@i(symbol)@-(2).

(@t(define-external) @i(symbol) @t(TOP-LEVEL)) @i(syntax) for a
compiler declaration that @i(symbol) is a top-level symbol.  Its
value is to be found via the @t(*obarray*).

(@t(define-external) @i(symbol) @t("") @i(string)) @i(syntax) for a
compiler declaration that @i(symbol) has the external name
@i(string).

(@t(define-external) @i(symbol) @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2))
@i(syntax) for a compiler declaration that @i(symbol) is in the
@i(module) @i(string)@-(1) and has the external name
@i(string)@-(1)_@i(string)@-(2).

(@t(define-external) (@i(symbol)@-(1) @i(formals)) @i(symbol)@-(2))
@i(syntax) for a compiler declaration that @i(symbol)@-(1) is a
Scheme @i(procedure) defined in @i(module) @i(symbol)@-(2).

(@t(define-external) (@i(symbol)@-(1) @t(.) @i(formal))
@i(symbol)@-(2)) @i(syntax) for a compiler declaration that
@i(symbol)@-(1) is a Scheme @i(procedure) defined in @i(module)
@i(symbol)@-(2).

(@t(define-external) (@i(symbol) @i(formals)) @t("") @i(string))
@i(syntax) for a compiler declaration that @i(symbol) is a
@i(procedure) that has the external name @i(string).

(@t(define-external) (@i(symbol) @t(.) @i(formal)) @t("") @i(string))
@i(syntax) for a compiler declaration that @i(symbol) is a
@i(procedure) that takes a variable number of arguments and has the
external name @i(string).

(@t(define-external) (@i(symbol) @i(formals)) @i(string)@-(1)
@i(string)@-(2)) @i(syntax) for a compiler declaration that
@i(symbol) is a @i(procedure) in the @i(module) @i(string)@-(1) that
has the external name @i(string)@-(1)_@i(string)@-(2).

(@t(define-external) (@i(symbol) @t(.) @i(formal)) @i(string)@-(1)
@i(string)@-(2)) @i(syntax) for a compiler declaration that
@i(symbol) is a @i(procedure) in the @i(module) @i(string)@-(1) that
has the external name @i(string)@-(1)_@i(string)@-(2).

(@t(define-in-line) (@i(symbol) @i(formals)) @i(body)) @i(syntax)
that defines a @i(procedure) that is to be compiled "in-line".

(@t(define-in-line) (@i(symbol) @t(.) @i(formal)) @i(body))
@i(syntax) that defines a @i(procedure) that is to be compiled
"in-line".

(@t(define-macro) @i(symbol) (@t(lambda) (@i(form expander))
@i(expression) ...)) @i(syntax) that defines a macro expansion
procedure.  Macro expansion is done using the ideas expressed in
@i(Expansion-Passing Style: Beyond Conventional Macros), 1986 ACM
Conference on Lisp and Functional Programming, 143-150.

(@t(define-system-file-task) @i(file) @i(idle-task)
@i(file-task)) installs the @i(idle-task) and @i(file-task)
@i(procedures) for system file number @i(file).  When a Scheme
program reads from a port and no characters are internally
buffered, the @i(idle-task) for each system file is called.
Then, the @i(file-task) for each system file that has input
pending is called.  As long as no characters are available on
the Scheme port, the Scheme system will idle, calling the
@i(file-task) for each system file as input becomes available.
A system file task is removed by supplying @t(#f) as the
@i(idle-task) and @i(file-task).

(@t(delay) @i(expression)) @i(syntax) used together with the
procedure @t(force) to implement call by need.  Revised@+(3) 10.

(@t(display) @i(expression) @i(optional-output-port)) writes a
human-readable representation of @i(expression) to
@i(optional-output-port).  Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t[do] (@i(var) ...) (@i(test) @i(expression) ...) @i(command) ...)
@i(syntax) for an iteration construct.  Each @i(var) defines a local
variable and is of the form (@i(symbol) @i(init) @i(step)) or
(@i(symbol) @i(init)).  Revised@+(3) 10.

@t[double] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure, procedure
argument, or global variable as the C type @t[double]. When a
@t[double] value must be supplied, an expression of type @i(number)
must be supplied.  When a @t[double] value is returned, a value of
type @i(number) is returned.

(@t(echo) @i(port)) turns off echoing on @i(port).

(@t(echo) @i(port) @i(output-port)) echos @i(port) on
@i(output-port).  All characters read from or written to @i(port)
are also written to @i(output-port).

@t(else) keyword in last @i(clause) of @t(cond) or @t(case) form.

@i(environment) the set of all variable bindings in effect at
some point in the program.  Revised@+(3) 5.

(@t(eof-object?) @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns
@t(#t) if @i(expression) is equal to the end of file object.
Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t(enable-system-file-tasks) @i(flag)) enables (@i(flag) is
@t(#t)) or disables (@i(flag) is @t(#f)) system file tasking
and returns the previous system file tasking state.  When the
value of flag is the symbol @t(wait), system file tasking is
enabled and the Scheme program is blocked until there are no
system file tasks.

(@t(eq?) @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that is
the finest test for equivalence between @i(expression)@-(1) and
@i(expression)@-(2).  Revised@+(3) 14.

(@t(equal?) @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
is the coarsest test for equivalence between @i(expression)@-(1) and
@i(expression)@-(2).  Revised@+(3) 14.

(@t(eqv?) @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that is
the medium test for equivalence between @i(expression)@-(1) and
@i(expression)@-(2).  Revised@+(3) 13.

(@t[error] @i(symbol) @i(format-template) @i(expression) ...) reports
an error.  The procedure name is @i(symbol) and the error message is
produced by the @i(format-template) and optional @i(expressions).
The @i(procedure) error is equivalent to @t[(lambda x (apply
*error-handler* x))].  See @t(*error-handler*).

(@t[eval] @i(expression)) evaluates @i(expression).  Any macros in
@i(expression) are expanded before evaluation.

(@t[eval-when] @i(list) @i(expression) ...) @i(syntax) to evaluate
@i(expressions) when the current situation is in @i(list).  When this
form is evaluated by the Scheme interpreter and @t[eval] is a member
of the situation @i(list), then the expressions will be evaluated.
When this form is evaluated by the Scheme compiler and @t[compile] is
a member of the situation @i(list), then the expressions will be
evaluated within the compiler.  When this form is evaluated by the
Scheme compiler, and @t[load] is a member of the situation @i(list),
then the compiler will compile the form (@t[begin] @i(expression) ...)).

(@t[even?] @i(integer)) @i(predicate) that returns @t(#t) if
@i(integer) is even.  Revised@+(3) 20.

@i(exact) @ @ @i(integers) are exact, all other numbers are not.
Revised@+(3) 18.

(@t[exact->inexact] @i(number)) returns the @i(inexact) representation
of @i(number). Revised@+(3) 21.

(@t(exact?) @i(number)) @i(predicate) that returns @t(#t) if
@i(number) is @i(exact).  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t(exit)) returns from the current @t[read-eval-print] procedure.

(@t(exp) @i(number)) returns exponential function of @i(number).
Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t(expand) @i(expression)) returns the value of @i(expression) after
all macro expansions.  See @t[define-macro].

(@t(expand-once) @i(expression)) returns the value of @i(expression)
after one macro expansion.  See @t[define-macro].

@i(expression) a Scheme construct that returns a value.  Revised@+(3) 6.

(@t[expt] @i[number]@-(1) @i[number]@-(2)) returns  @i[number]@-(1)
raised to the power @i[number]@-(2).  Revised@+(3) 21.

@t(fix) @i(format descriptor).  Revised@+(3) 22.

@i(fixed) @t[Scheme->C] internal representation of an
@i(integer).  The maximum @i(fixed) value is 536,870,911 and
the minimum is -536,870,912.  It is represented in a 32-bit word
with two bits used by the tag.

(@t[fixed->float] @i(fixed)) returns the @i(float) representation of
@i(fixed).

(@t[fixed?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is a @i(fixed).

@t[float] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure, procedure
argument, or global variable as the C type @t[float]. When a
@t[float] value must be supplied, an expression of type @i(number)
must be supplied.  When a @t[float] value is returned, a value of
type @i(number) is returned.

@i(float) @t[Scheme->C] internal floating point representation.  This is
typically 64-bits.

(@t(float->fixed) @i(float)) returns the @i(fixed) @i(number)
that best represents the value of @i(float).

(@t[float?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t]
if @i(expression) is a @i(float) value.

(@t[floor] @i[number]) returns the largest @i(integer) not larger than
@i(number).  Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t[flush-buffer] @i(optional-output-port)) forces output of all
characters buffered in @i(optional-output-port).

(@t[for-each] @i(procedure) @i(list) @i(list) ...) applies
@i(procedure) to each element of the @i(lists) in order.
Revised@+(3) 26.

(@t[force] @i(promise)) returns the forced value of a promise.
Revised@+(3) 26.

@i(formals) a @i(symbol) or a @i(list) of @i(symbols) that are the
arguments.  Revised@+(3) 7.

(@t(format) @t(#f) @i(format-template) @i(expression) ...) returns a
string that is the result of outputting the @i(expressions)
according to the @i(format-template).

(@t(format) @i(format-template) @i(expression) ...) returns a string
that is the result of outputting the @i(expressions) according to
the @i(format-template).

(@t(format) @i(output-port) @i(format-template) @i(expression) ...)
output the @i(expressions) to @i(output-port) according to the
@i(format-template).

(@t(format) @t[#t] @i(format-template) @i(expression) ...) output the
@i(expressions) to the current output port according to the
@i(format-template).

@i(format descriptor) a @i(list) that describes the type of output
conversion to be done by @t[number->string].  The supported forms are
(@t(int)), (@t(fix) @i(integer)), and (@t(sci) @i(integer)).
Revised@+(3) 21.

@i(format-template) a @i(string) consisting of format descriptors and
literal characters.  A format descriptor is @t[~] followed by some
other character.  When one is encountered, it is interpreted.  Literal
characters are output as is.  See @t[~a], @t[~A], @t[~c], @t[~C],
@t[~s], @t[~S], @t[~%], @t[~~].

(@t[gcd] @i(number) ...) returns the greatest common divisor of its
arguments.  Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t(get-output-string) @i(string-output-port)) returns the @i(string)
associated with @i(string-output-port).  The @i(string) associated
with the @i(string-output-port) is initially set to @t[""].

(@t(getprop) @i(symbol) @i(expression)) returns the value that has
the key @t(eq?) to @i(expression) from @i(symbol's) property list.  If
there is no value associated with @i(expression), then @t[#f] is
returned.

(@t[implementation-information]) returns a list of string or
@t(#f) values containing information about the Scheme
implementation.  The list is of the form
(@i(implementation-name) @i(version) @i(machine) @i(processor)
@i(operating-system) @i(filesystem) @i(features) ...).

(@t[if] @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2)) @i(syntax) for a
conditional expression.  Revised@+(3) 8.

(@t[if] @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2) @i(expression)@-(3))
@i(syntax) for a conditional expression.  Revised@+(3) 8.

(@t[include] @i(string)) @i(syntax) to include the contents of the
file @i(string) at this point in the Scheme compilation.
Search directories may be specified by the @t[-I] command flag.

@i(inexact) @ @ @i(float) numbers are inexact.  Revised@+(3) 18.

(@t[inexact->exact] @i(number)) returns the @i(exact)
representation of @i(number).  Revised@+(3) 21.

(@t[inexact?] @i(number)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(number) is @i(inexact).  Revised@+(3) 19.

@i(input-port) Scheme object that can deliver characters on command.
Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t[input-port?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) when returns @t[#t]
when @i(expression) is an @i(input-port).  Revised@+(3) 28.

@t[int] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure, procedure
argument, or global variable as the C type @t[int].  When a @t[int]
value must be supplied, an expression of type @i(number) must be
supplied.  When a @t[int] value is returned, a value of type
@i(number) is returned.  The @t[Scheme->C] system uses this type
internally and requires that it be 32 bits long.

@t(int) @i(format descriptor).  Revised@+(3) 22.

@i(integer) integers are represented by @i(fixed) values.
Revised@+(3) 18.

(@t[integer->char] @i(integer)) returns the @i(character) whose ASCII
code is equal to @i(integer).  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t[integer?] @i[expression]) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is an @i(integer).  Revised@+(3) 19.

@i(interned) @ @ @i(symbols) that are contained in @t[*obarray*] are
interned.

(@t[lambda] @i(formals) @i(body)) the ultimate imperative, the
ultimate declarative.  Revised@+(3) 7.

(@t(last-pair) @i(list)) returns the last @i(pair) of @i(list).
Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t[lcm] @i(number) ...) returns the least common multiple of its
arguments.  Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t[length] @i(list)) returns the length of @i(list).  Revised@+(3)
16.

(@t[let] @i(bindings) @i(body)) @i(syntax) for a binding construct
that computes initial values before any bindings are done.
Revised@+(3) 9.

(@t[let] @i(symbol) @i(bindings) @i(body)) @i(syntax) for a general
looping construct. Revised@+(3) 10.

(@t[let*] @i(bindings) @i(body)) @i(syntax) for a binding construct
that computes initial values and performs bindings sequentially.
Revised@+(3) 9.

(@t[letrec] @i(bindings) @i(body)) @i(syntax) for a binding construct
that binds the variables before the initial values are computed.
Revised@+(3) 9.

@i(letter) an alphabetic @i(character).  Revised@+(3) 24.

@i(list) the empty list, or a @i(pair) whose @t[cdr] is a @i(list).
Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t[list] @i(expression) ...) returns a @i(list) of its arguments.
Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t[list->string] @i(list)) returns the string formed from the
@i(characters) in @i(list).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[list->vector] @i(list)) returns a @i(vector) whose elements are the
members of @i(list).  Revised@+(3) 26.

(@t[list-ref] @i[list] @i[integer]) returns the @i(integer) element
of @i(list).  Elements are numbered starting at 0.  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t[list-tail] @i[list] @i[integer]) returns the sublist of @i(list)
obtained by omitting the first @i(integer) elements.  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t[load] @i(string)) loads the expressions in the file @i(string)
into the Scheme interpreter.  The results of the expressions are
printed on the current output port.  Revised@+(3) 30.

(@t[loade] @i(string)) loads the expressions in the file
@i(string) into the Scheme interpreter.  The contents of the
file and the results of the expressions are printed on the
current output port.  Revised@+(3) 30.

(@t[loadq] @i(string)) loads the expressions in the file @i(string)
into the Scheme interpreter.  The results of the expressions are not
printed.  Revised@+(3) 30.

(@t[log] @i[number]) returns the natural logarithm of @i[number].
Revised@+(3) 20.

@t[longint] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure,
procedure argument, or global variable as the C type @t[long int].
When a @t[long int] value must be supplied, an expression of type
@i(number) must be supplied.  When a @t[long int] value is returned,
a value of type @i(number) is returned.

@t[longunsigned] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure,
procedure argument, or global variable as the C type @t[long
unsigned]. When a @t[long unsigned] value must be supplied, an
expression of type @i(number) must be supplied.  When a @t[long
unsigned] value is returned, a value of type @i(number) is returned.

(@t[make-string] @i(integer)) returns a string of length @i(integer)
with unknown elements.  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t[make-string] @i(integer) @i(char)) returns a string of length
@i(integer) with all elements initialized to @i(char).  Revised@+(3)
24.

(@t[make-vector] @i(integer)) returns a vector of length @i(integer)
with unknown elements.  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[make-vector] @i(integer) @i(expression)) returns a vector of
length @i(integer) with all elements set to @i(expression).
Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[map] @i(procedure) @i(list) @i(list) ...) returns a @i(list)
constructed by applying @i(procedure) to each element of the
@i(lists).  The order of application is not defined.  Revised@+(3)
26.

(@t[max] @i(number) @i(number) ...) returns the maximum of its
arguments.  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t[member] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns the first @i(sublist) of
@i(list) such that (@t[equal?] @i(expression) (@t[car] @i(sublist)))
is true. If no match occurs, then @t[#f] is returned.  Revised@+(3)
16.

(@t[memq] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns the first @i(sublist) of
@i(list) such that (@t[eq?] @i(expression) (@t[car] @i(sublist))) is
true. If no match occurs, then @t[#f] is returned.  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t[memv] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns the first @i(sublist) of
@i(list) such that (@t[eqv?] @i(expression) (@t[car] @i(sublist))) is
true. If no match occurs, then @t[#f] is returned.  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t[min] @i(number) @i(number) ...) returns the minimum of its
arguments.  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t[module] @i(symbol) @i(clause) ...) @i(syntax) to declare module
information for the @t[Scheme->C] compiler.  The @i(module) form must
be the first item in the source file.  The module name is a
@i(symbol) that must be a legal C identifier.  Using this
information, the compiler is able to construct an object module that
is similar in structure to a Modula 2 module. Following the module
name come optional @i(clauses). If the module is to provide the
"main" program, then a @i(clause) of the form (@t[main] @i(symbol))
is provided that indicates that @i(symbol) is the initial
@i(procedure).  It will be invoked with one argument that is a
@i(list) of @i(strings) that are the arguments that the program was
invoked with.  A minimum (and default) heap size can be specified by
the @i(clause) (@t[HEAP] @i(integer)), where the size is specified in
megabytes.  The user may control that top-level @i(symbols) in this
module are visible as top-level @i(symbols) by including a @i(clause)
of the form (@t[top-level] @i(symbol) ...). If this clause occurs,
then only those @i(symbols) specified will be made top-level. All
other top-level @i(symbols) in the module will appear at the
top-level with names of the form: @i(module)_@i(symbol).  If a
@t[top-level] clause is not provided, then all top-level @i(symbols)
in the module will be made top-level. The final clause, (@t[with]
@i(symbol) ...) indicates that this module will be linked with other
modules.  Normally the intermodule linkages are automatically infered
by including all @i(modules) that have external references. However,
this mechanism is not sufficient to pick up those objects that are
only referenced at runtime.

(@t(modulo) @i(integer)@-(1) @i(integer)@-(2)) returns the modulo of its
arguments.  The sign of the result is the sign of the divisor.
Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t(my-rusage)) returns a @i(vector) containing information about
resources consumed by the program.  The information is that contained
in the @i(rusage) structure.  See @i(Ultrix-32 Programmer's Manual),
2-62.

(@t[negative?] @i(number)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(number) is negative.  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t[newline] @i(optional-output-port)) outputs a newline character on
the @i(optional-output-port).  Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t[not] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is @t[#f] or @t[()].  Revised@+(3) 12.

(@t[null?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is @t[()].  Revised@+(3) 16.

@i(number) @t[Scheme->C] has two internal representations for numbers:
@i(fixed) and @i(float).  When an arithmetic operation is to
be performed with a @i(float) argument, all arguments will be
converted to @i(float) as needed, and then the operation will be
performed.  Automatic conversion back to @i(fixed) is never done.
Revised@+(3) 17.

(@t[number->string] @i(number) @i(format descriptor)) returns a
@i(string) that is the printed representation of @i(number) as
specified by @i(format descriptor).  Revised@+(3) 21.

(@t[number->string] @i(number)) returns a string with the printed
representation of the number.

(@t[number->string] @i(number) @i(radix)) returns a string with the
printed representation of the number in the given radix.  Radix must
be 2, 8, 10, or 16.

(@t[number?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is a @i(number).  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t[odd?] @i(integer)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(integer) is odd.  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t[open-file] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) returns a @i(port)
for file @i(string)@-(1) that is opened using the Ultrix-32
@i(fopen) option  @i(string)@-(2).  See @i(Ultrix-32 Programmer's
Manual), 3-189.

(@t[open-input-file] @i(string)) returns an @i(input port) capable of
delivering characters from the file @i(string).  Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t[open-input-string] @i(string))  returns an @i(input port) capable
of delivering characters from the @i(string).

(@t[open-output-file] @i(string)) returns an @i(output port) capable
of delivering characters to the file @i(string).  Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t[open-output-string]) returns an @i(output port) capable of
delivering characters to a @i(string).  See @t[get-output-string].

@i(optional-input-port) if present, it must be an @i(input-port).  If
not present, then it is the value returned by @t(current-input-port).

@i(optional-output-port) if present, it must be an @i(output-port).  If
not present, then it is the value returned by @t(current-output-port).

(@t[or] @i(expression) ...) @i(syntax) for a conditional expression.
Revised@+(3) 9.

@i(pair) record structure with two fields: car and cdr.  Revised@+(3)
14.

(@t[pair?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is a @i(pair).  Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t[peek-char] @i(optional-input-port)) returns a copy of the next
character available on  @i(optional-input-port).

@t[pointer] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure,
procedure argument, or global varible as being some type of C
pointer.  When a value must be supplied, an expression of the type
@i(string), @i(procedure), or @i(number) is supplied.  This will
result in either the address of the first character of the
@i(string), the address of the code associated with the
@i(procedure), or the value of the number being used.  A @i(pointer)
value is returned as an non-negative @i(number).

@i(port) Scheme object that is capable of delivering or accepting
characters on demand.  Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t[port->stdio-file] @i(port)) returns the standard I/O FILE
pointer for @i(port), or @t[#f] if the @i(port) does not use
standard I/O.

(@t[positive?] @i(number)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(number) is positive.  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t[pp] @i(expression) @i(optional-output-port)) pretty-prints
@i(expression) on @i(optional-output-port).

(@t[pp] @i(expression) @i[string]) pretty-prints @i(expression) to
the file @i(string).

@i(predicate) function that returns @t(#t) when the condition
is true, and @t(#f) when the condition is false.  Revised@+(3) 13.

(@t[procedure?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t]
when @i(expression) is a @i(procedure).  Revised@+(3) 26.

(@t[proceed]) return from the innermost @t(read-eval-print) loop with
an unspecified value.

(@t[proceed] @i(expression))  return from the innermost
@t(read-eval-print) loop with @i(expression) as the value.  At the
outermost level, @i(expression) must be an @i(integer) as it will be
used as the argument for a call to the @i(ULTRIX-32) procedure
@i(exit).

(@t[putprop] @i(symbol) @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2))
stores @i(expression)@-(2) using key @i(expression)@-(1) on
@i(symbol's) property list.  See @t[getprop].

(@t[quasiquote] @i(back-quote-template)) @i(syntax) for a @i(vector)
or @i(list) constructor.  Revised@+(3) 11.

(@t[quote] @i(expression)) @i(syntax) whose result is @i(expression).
Revised@+(3) 7.

(@t[quotient] @i(integer)@-(1) @i(integer)@-(2)) returns the quotient
of its arguments.  The sign is the sign of the product of its
arguments. Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t[rational?] @i(number)) predicate that returns @t[#t] when its
argument is a rational @i(number).  This is true when @i(number) is
an @i(fixed) value.  Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t[read] @i(optional-input-port)) returns the next readable object
from @i(optional-input-port).  Revived@+(3) 29.

(@t[read-char] @i(optional-input-port)) returns the next character
from @i(optional-input-port), updating the @i(port) to point to the
next @i(character).  Revived@+(3) 29.

(@t[read-eval-print] @i(expression) ...) starts  a new
read-eval-print loop.  The optional @i(expressions) allow one to
specify the prompt or the header:  @t[PROMPT] @i(string) @t[HEADER]
@i(string).  Typing control-D at the prompt will terminate the
procedure.  See @t[reset], @t[exit], @t[eval], @t[proceed].

(@t[real?] @i(number)) predicate that returns @t[#t] when its
argument is a real @i(number).  This is true in @t[Scheme->C] for any
@i(number). Revised@+(3) 19.

(@t[remainder] @i(integer)@-(1) @i(integer)@-(2)) returns the
remainder of its arguments.  The sign is the sign of
@i(integer)@-(1). Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t[remove] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns a new @i(list) that is a
copy of @i(list) with all items @t[equal?] to @i(expression) removed
from it.

(@t[remove!] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns @i(list) having deleted
all items @t[equal?] to @i(expression) from it.

(@t[remq] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns a new @i(list) that is a
copy of @i(list) with all items @t[eq?] to @i(expression) removed
from it.

(@t[remq!] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns @i(list) having deleted
all items @t[eq?] to @i(expression) from it.

(@t[remv] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns a new @i(list) that is a
copy of @i(list) with all items @t[eqv?] to @i(expression) removed
from it.

(@t[remv!] @i(expression) @i(list)) returns @i(list) having deleted
all items @t[eqv?] to @i(expression) from it.

(@t[reset]) returns to the current @t[read-eval-print] loop.

(@t[reverse] @i(list)) returns a new @i(list) with the elements of
@i(list) in reverse order.  Revised@+(3) 16.

(@t[round] @i(number)) returns @i(number) rounded to the closest
integer.  Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t(save-heap) @i(string) . @i(procedure)) saves a copy a Scheme
program's heap in the file named @i(string).  When the heap is
reloaded into a newly created process, execution will start at
@i(procedure) that will be called with a list of the command line
arguments.  If @i(procedure) is not supplied, then execution will
begin at the normal startup procedure.  Note that heap image files
may only be used by processes that are running the same code that
was being run by the process that wrote the heap image file.
N.B. Items such as ports are not automatically reinitialized.

@i(sc-pointer) a Scheme object that is represented by a tagged
pointer to one or more words of memory.

@t(sc...) all modules that compose the @t[Scheme->C] runtime system
have module names begining with the letters @t(sc).  All procedures
and external variables in these modules have names that begin with
@t(sc..._).

@t[scc] shell command to invoke the @t[Scheme->C] Scheme compiler.  See the
@t[man] page.

@t[SCGCINFO] environment variable that when set to 1 will log
garbage collection information on stderr.

@t[SCHEAP] environment variable that controls the heap size.  It is
set to the desired size in megabytes.  If not set, then the default
in the main program will be used.  If a default size is not supplied,
then a 4mb heap is used.

@t[SCHEAPFILE] environment variable that controls initialization of
the heap from a saved heap image.  If it is set to the name of a
file, then the initial heap for the program will be loaded from that
file.

@t[SCLIMIT] environment variable that controls the amount of heap
retained after a generational garbage collection that will force a
full collection.  It is expressed as a percent of the heap.  The
default value is 33.

(@t(scheme-byte-ref) @i(sc-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the byte at
the @i(integer) byte of @i(sc-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(scheme-byte-set!) @i(sc-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets the
byte at the @i(integer) byte of @i(sc-pointer) to @i(number).  The
procedure returns @i(number) as its value.

(@t(scheme-int-ref) @i(sc-pointer) @i(integer)) return the int at the
@i(integer) byte of @i(sc-pointer) as a @i(number).

(@t(scheme-int-set!) @i(sc-pointer) @i(integer) @i(number)) sets the
int at the @i(integer) byte of @i(sc-pointer) to @i(number).  The
procedure returns @i(number) as its value.

(@t(scheme-tscp-ref) @i(sc-pointer) @i(integer)) returns the tscp at
the @i(integer) byte of @i(sc-pointer).

(@t(scheme-tscp-set!) @i(sc-pointer) @i(integer) @i(expression)) sets
the tscp at the @i(integer) byte of @i(sc-pointer) to @i(expression).
The procedure returns @i(expression) as its value.

@t(sci) shell command to invoke the @t[Scheme->C] Scheme interpreter.  See the
@t[man] page.

@t(sci) @i(format descriptor).  Revised@+(3) 22.

(@t[set!] @i(symbol) @i(expression)) @i(syntax) to set the location
bound to @i(symbol) to the value of @i(expression).  Revised@+(3) 8.

(@t[set-car!] @i(pair) @i(expression)) sets the car field of
@i(pair) to @i(expression).  Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t[set-cdr!] @i(pair) @i(expression)) sets the cdr field of
@i(pair) to @i(expression).  Revised@+(3) 15.

(@t[set-top-level-value!] @i(symbol) @i(expression)) sets the
top-level location bound to @i(symbol) to value.

(@t[set-write-width!] @i(integer) @i(optional-output-port)) sets the
width of @i(optional-output-port) to @i(integer).

@t[shortint] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure,
procedure argument, or global variable as the C type @t[short int].
When a @t[short int] value must be supplied, an expression of type
@i(number) must be supplied.  When a @t[short int] value is returned,
a value of type @i(number) is returned.

@t[shortunsigned] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure,
procedure argument, or global variable as the C type @t[short
unsigned]. When a @t[short unsigned] value must be supplied, an
expression of type @i(number) must be supplied.  When a @t[short
unsigned] value is returned, a value of type @i(number) is returned.

(@t(sin) @i(number)) returns the sine of its argument.  Revised@+(3)
20.

(@t[signal] @i(number) @i(expression)) provides a signal handler for
the @i(ULTRIX-32) signal @i(number).  The @i(expression) is the
signal handler and is either a @i(procedure) or a @i(number).  When a
procedure is supplied, it is called with the signal number when the
signal is present.  Numeric handler values are interpreted by the
underlying operating system.  The previous value of the signal
handler is returned.

(@t(sqrt) @i(number)) returns the square root of its argument.
Revised@+(3) 20.

@t[stderr-port] @i(port) to output characters to stderr.

@t[stdin-port] @i(port) to input characters from stdin.

@t[stdout-port] @i(port) to output characters to stdout.

@i(string) sequence of @i(characters).  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t[string->list] @i(string)) returns a newly constructed @i(list)
that contains the elements of @i(string).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string->number] @i(string)) returns a number expressed by
@i(string).  If @i(string) is not a syntactically valid notation for
a number then it returns @t(#f).

(@t[string->number] @i(string) @i(number)) returns a number expressed
by @i(string) with @i(number) the default radix.  Radix must be 2, 8,
10, or 16. If @i(string) is not a syntactically valid notation for a
number then it returns @t(#f).

(@t[string->symbol] @i(string)) returns the interned @i(symbol) whose
name is @i(string).  Revised@+(3) 17.

(@t[string->uninterned-symbol] @i(string)) returns an uninterned
@i(symbol) whose name is string.

(@t[string-append] @i(string) @i(string) ...) returns a new @i(string)
whose @i(characters) are the concatenation of the of the given @i(strings).
Upper and lower case letters are treated as though they were the same
character.
Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string-ci<=?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate)
that returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is less than or equal to
@i(string)@-(2).  Upper and lower case letters are treated as though
they were the same character. Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string-ci<?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is less than @i(string)@-(2).
Upper and lower case letters are treated as though they were the same
character. Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string-ci=?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is equal to @i(string)@-(2).
Upper and lower case letters are treated as though they were the same
character. Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string-ci>=?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate)
that returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is greater than or equal to
@i(string)@-(2).  Upper and lower case letters are treated as though
they were the same character. Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string-ci>?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is greater than @i(string)@-(2).
Upper and lower case letters are treated as though they were the same
character. Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string-copy] @i(string)) returns a new @i(string) whose
@i(characters) are those of the given @i(string).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string-fill!] @i(string) @i(char)) stores @i(char) in
every element of @i(string).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string-length] @i(string)) returns the length of @i(string).
Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t[string-ref] @i(string) @i(integer)) returns @i(character) that
is the @i(integer) element of @i(string).  The first element is
0. Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t[string-set!] @i(string) @i(integer) @i(character)) sets the
@i(integer) element of @i(string) to @i(character).  The first
element is 0.  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t[string<=?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is less than or equal to
@i(string)@-(2).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string<?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is less than @i(string)@-(2).
Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string=?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is equal to @i(string)@-(2).
Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string>=?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is greater than or equal to
@i(string)@-(2).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string>?] @i(string)@-(1) @i(string)@-(2)) @i(predicate) that
returns @t[#t] when @i(string)@-(1) is greater than @i(string)@-(2).
Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[string?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is a @i(string).  Revised@+(3) 24.

(@t[substring] @i(string) @i(integer)@-(1) @i(integer)@-(2)) returns
a @i(string) consisting of @i(integer)@-(2)-@i(integer)@-(1) elements
of @i(string) starting at element @i(integer)@-(1).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[symbol->string] @i(symbol)) returns the name of @i(symbol) as a
@i(string).  Revised@+(3) 17.

(@t[symbol?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is a @i(symbol).  Revised@+(3) 17.

@i(syntax) indicates a form that is evaluated in a manner that is
specific to the form.  Revised@+(3) 1.

(@t(tan) @i(number)) returns the tangent of its argument.
Revised@+(3) 20.

(@t[top-level]) returns control to the "top-level" @t[read-eval-print]
loop.

(@t[top-level-value] @i(symbol)) returns the value in the location
that is the "top-level" binding of @i(symbol).

(@t[trace]) returns a list of the procedures being traced.

(@t[trace] @i(symbol) @i(symbol) ...) enables tracing on the
@i(procedures) that are the values of the @i(symbols).

(@t[transcript-off]) turns off the transcript.  Revised@+(3) 30.

(@t[transcript-on] @i(string)) starts a transcript on the file
@i(string).  Revised@+(3) 30.

(@t[truncate] @i(number)) returns the truncated value of @i(number).
Revised@+(3) 20.

@t[tscp] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure, procedure
argument, or global variable as the C type @t[TSCP]. The type
@t[TSCP] is a tagged pointer to a Scheme object. When a @t[tscp]
value must be supplied, any expression may be supplied.  When a
@t[tscp] value is returned, any type of value may be returned.

(@t[unbpt]) @i(syntax) to remove all breakpoints.

(@t[unbpt] @i(symbol) @i(symbol) ...) @i(syntax) to remove
breakpoints from the named @i(procedures).

(@t[uninterned-symbol?] @i[symbol]) @i(predicate) that returns
@t[#t] if @i[symbol] is not @i[interned].

(@t[unless] @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2) ...) @i(syntax)
for a conditional form that is equivalent to (@t[if] (@t[not]
@i(expression)@-(1)) (@t[begin] @i(expression)@-(2) ...)).

(@t[unquote] @i[expression]) @i(syntax) to evaluate the expression
and replaces it in the @i(back-quote-template).  Revised@+(3) 11.

(@t[unquote-splicing] @i[expression]) @i(syntax) to evaluate the
expression and splices it into the @i(back-quote-template).
Revised@+(3) 11.

@t[unsigned] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure,
procedure argument, or global variable as the C type @t[unsigned].
When a @t[unsigned] value must be supplied, an expression of type
@i(number) must be supplied.  When a @t[unsigned] value is returned,
a value of type @i(number) is returned.

(@t[untrace]) @i(syntax) to remove tracing from all @i(procedures).

(@t[untrace] @i(symbol) @i(symbol) ...) @i(syntax) to remove tracing from the
named @i(procedures).

@i(vector) a heterogenous mutable structure whose elements are
indexed by @i(integers).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[vector] @i[expression] ...) returns a newly allocated
@i(vector) whose elements contain the given arguments.
Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[vector-fill!] @i(vector) @i(expression)) stores @i(expression) in
every element of @i(vector).  Revised@+(3) 26.

(@t[vector->list] @i(vector)) returns a newly created @i(list) of the
objects contained in the elements of the @i(vector).  Revised@+(3) 26.

(@t(vector-length) @i(vector)) returns the number of elements in
@i(vector).  Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t(vector-ref) @i(vector) @i(integer)) returns the contents of
element @i(integer) of @i(vector).  The first element is 0.
Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t(vector-set!) @i(vector) @i(integer) @i(expression)) sets element
@i(integer) of @i(vector) to @i(expression).  The first element is 0.
Revised@+(3) 25.

(@t[vector?] @i(expression)) @i(predicate) that returns @t[#t] when
@i(expression) is a @i(vector).  Revised@+(3) 25.

@t[void] @i(syntax) for declaring a non-Scheme procedure as returning
the C type @t[void].  The value of such a procedure may not be used.

(@t[when] @i(expression)@-(1) @i(expression)@-(2) ...) @i(syntax) for
a conditional form that is equivalent to (@t[if] @i(expression)@-(1)
(@t[begin] @i(expression)@-(2) ...)).

(@t[when-unreferenced] @i(expression) @i(procedure)) applys
the clean-up procedure @i(procedure) (with the object
represented by @i(expression) as its argument) at some point in
the future when the object represented by @i(expression) is no
longer referenced by the program.  The procedure returns
either the cleanup procedure supplied by an earlier call to
@t[when-unreferenced], or @t(#f) when no cleanup procedure was
defined.

(@t[when-unreferenced] @i(expression) @t[#f]) returns either the
cleanup procedure for the object represented by
@i(expression) or @t(#f) when no cleanup procedure was
defined.  In either case, the Scheme system will take no
action when the object represented by @i(expression) is no
longer referenced by the program.

(@t[with-input-from-file] @i[string] @i[procedure]) opens the file
@i(string), makes its @i(port) the default @i(input-port), then
calls @i(procedure) with no arguments.  Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t[with-output-to-file]  @i[string] @i[procedure]) opens the file
@i(string), makes its @i(port) the default @i(output-port), then
calls @i(procedure) with no arguments.  Revised@+(3) 28.

(@t[write] @i(expression) @i(optional-output-port)) outputs
@i(expression) to @i(optional-output-port) in a machine-readable
form.  Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t[write-char] @i(character) @i(optional-output-port)) outputs
@i(character) to @i(optional-output-port).  Revised@+(3) 29.

(@t[write-count] @i(optional-output-port)) returns the number of
characters on the current line in @i(optional-output-port).

(@t[write-width] @i(optional-output-port)) returns the width of
@i(optional-output-port) in @i(characters).

(@t(zero?) @i(number)) predicate that returns @t(#t) when @i(number)
is zero.  Revised@+(3) 19.

@t(~%) @i(format descriptor) to output a newline character.

@t(~~) @i(format descriptor) to output a @t[~].

@t(~A) @i(format descriptor) to output the next @i(expression) using
@t(display).

@t(~a) @i(format descriptor) identical to @t[~A].

@t(~C) @i(format descriptor) to output the next @i(expression) (that
must be a @i(character)) using @t(write-char).

@t(~c) @i(format descriptor) identical to @t[~C].

@t(~S) @i(format descriptor) to output the next @i(expression) using
@t(write).

@t(~s) @i(format descriptor) identical to @t[~S].

@End(Index)